Pré-diabetes: evolução pode ser evitada com mudanças de hábitos de vida
Trata-se de uma condição que eleva o risco para desenvolver o diabetes do tipo 2, segundo explica a Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD).
De acordo com levantamento da entidade, 25% dos quadros evoluem para a diabetes, 50% não têm qualquer alteração, enquanto outros 25% são revertidos, permitindo que pacientes voltem a uma condição de normalidade dos índices.
Desse modo, o Ministério da Saúde ressalta a importância da atenção para o pré-diabetes por ser uma etapa intermediária de possível reversão, possibilitando a prevenção da evolução do quadro.
Causas da elevação da glicemia
A pré-diabetes se desenvolve quando a glicose presente no sangue não é transformada em energia ou aproveitada em quantidade suficiente para que a substância não se acumule.
As causas são multifatoriais e alguns fatores de risco contribuem para a elevação da glicemia, como:
- histórico familiar do tipo 2;
- sobrepeso e obesidade;
- síndrome metabólica;
- condição cardiovascular prévia;
- histórico de diabetes gestacional;
- uso crônico de drogas antipsicóticas.
Pré-diabetes não provoca sintomas
Considerada uma condição “silenciosa”, é comum não sentir incômodos que indiquem que há algo de errado. Por isso, é fundamental manter os exames de check-up em dia, incluindo as medições de glicose.
Com o Cartão dr.consulta, é possível acessar diferentes exames e especialidades médicas que ajudam a investigar e reverter quadros de pré-diabetes por meio do programa Viva Bem.
Essa linha de cuidados oferece suporte ao paciente para o tratamento e prevenção de agravamento da diabetes, hipertensão e colesterol alto (dislipidemia).

Ainda que a pré-diabetes não cause sintomas, a Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD) salienta que alguns pacientes já apresentavam retinopatia, proteína na urina e algum grau de neuropatia periférica antes de serem diagnosticados com diabetes tipo 2. Isso pode indicar a falta de controle de uma condição prévia ao quadro evolutivo dessas condições.
Valores de glicemia para a pré-diabetes
Os índices de referência variam conforme o exame realizado. Confira:
- glicemia em jejum: de 100 mg/dL a 125 mg/dL;
- hemoglobina glicada (HbAc1c): de 5,7% a 6,4%.
Segundo estudo publicado no periódico científico Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, a hemoglobina glicada é o exame mais recomendado para o diagnóstico por não necessitar de jejum e por apresentar maior estabilidade pré-analítica e menor variação diária dos níveis de açúcar durante períodos de estresse ou enfermidades.
Pré-diabetes pode ser controlado e revertido
Embora preocupante, o quadro pode ser revertido antes que a glicemia atinja valores classificatórios para o diabetes em si. Para isso, é necessária a adoção de uma rotina mais saudável, com o controle do peso, aumento da atividade física e alimentação balanceada.
Alimentação como estratégia de controle
Essa dieta deve priorizar alimentos in natura, como vegetais, legumes, leguminosas, frutas, grãos e cereais. Além de não ter açúcar adicionado, também deve ser rica em fibras, nutriente que ajuda a controlar os níveis de glicose.
Em contrapartida, ultraprocessados devem ser evitados por costumarem ter níveis elevados de açúcar, gorduras e conservantes (biscoitos e salgadinhos, por exemplo).
Além da atenção aos itens ingeridos, também é válido observar o modo como as refeições são aproveitadas. Alimentar-se em horários regulares e com calma contribui para a saciedade e evita que a pessoa que precisa desse cuidado coma exageradamente.

Medicamentos podem ser usados para controle do açúcar
O controle e cura do pré-diabetes também envolve ir a consultas com o endocrinologista, especialista em prevenir e tratar as alterações hormonais, como no caso da insulina. O profissional poderá prescrever medicamentos, se necessário, para remediar o quadro.
As diretrizes da SBD consideram que o uso de medicamento associado a medidas de mudanças do estilo de vida deve ser considerado em situações em que o paciente tenha menos de 60 anos; índice de massa corporal (IMC) acima dos 35kg/m2, mulheres com histórico de diabetes gestacional, presença de síndrome metabólica, pressão alta ou glicemia de jejum maior que 110 mg/dL.
Com essas informações em mente, é mais fácil entender o processo de aparecimento do diabetes, possibilitando a adoção de práticas que facilitem a prevenção.
Fontes:
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Sou pré diabete que conselho pode me dá?