Entenda como funciona e como é feito o ecocardiograma
Muito útil para acompanhar a saúde e o desempenho do coração, o ecocardiograma fornece imagens e informações detalhadas sobre esse que é um dos principais órgãos humanos.
Portanto, quem necessita saber se os sintomas atuais apontam para doenças cardíacas ou precisa até mesmo monitorar sua evolução, deve fazer esse exame.
O que é o ecocardiograma?
O ecocardiograma, também chamado ecocardiografia ou ultrassonografia cardíaca é um exame de ultrassom que usa ondas sonoras de alta frequência para criar imagens (unidimensionais, bidimensionais e em 3D), que permitem avaliar todas as estruturas do coração e seu funcionamento, destacando:
- a forma;
- o tamanho e espessura do órgão;
- os batimentos cardíacos;
- o fluxo e a pressão do sangue;
- a entrada e saída do sangue através das valvas;
- as alterações de contração (coração fraco), entre outros aspectos;
- a existência de alterações anatômicas, massas ou tumores;
- a detecção de possíveis sopros cardíacos, cicatrizes de infarto, doenças congênitas e doenças cardiovasculares.
Pode ser feito por adultos, crianças e mulheres grávidas (a partir da 28 semana de gestação, durante o pré-natal), em clínicas ou hospitais – dependendo do tipo de ecocardiograma solicitado e da doença a ser investigada.
3 tipos de ecocardiogramas
- ecocardiograma transtorácico com doppler colorido;
- ecocardiograma sob estresse;
- ecocardiograma transesofágico.
1 – Ecocardiograma transtorácico com doppler colorido
Esse exame é o mais comum, considerado simples, pouco invasivo e indolor. Em geral, é bem rápido (dura cerca de 15 minutos) e não necessita de preparo prévio.
É solicitado para:
- identificar malformação congênita do coração;
- acompanhar o funcionamento do órgão após um infarto ou cirurgia;
- diagnosticar a insuficiência cardíaca, abertura e fechamento das valvas e doenças do pericárdio;
- avaliar o desenvolvimento do coração do bebê.
Passo a passo de como é feito
Geralmente, o paciente deita na maca com o peito nu (as mulheres usam uma camisola cirúrgica com abertura frontal) e o cardiologista vai deslizando na área um transdutor com gel, para captar as imagens do coração.
Quando necessário, são feitas pequenas pressões na região para facilitar a visualização, no entanto, são movimentos sutis e não causam dor ou desconforto.
Dependendo do resultado que se quer ter, também são colocados eletrodos no peito para registrar os impulsos elétricos do coração e futura comparação com as imagens da ecografia. Também pode ser usado um oxímetro para medir a oxigenação do sangue durante o procedimento.
Ao final, os eletrodos são removidos e o paciente pode se vestir e limpar a área, com o auxílio de toalhas higiênicas que são descartadas em seguida.
Importante: é preciso remover todas as joias que possam interferir na realização do exame.
2 – Ecocardiograma sob estresse
Neste procedimento o paciente é submetido a realização de atividades físicas controladas e recebe um medicamento intravenoso, ou seja, na veia. Assim, o ritmo dos batimentos cardíacos e a força da contração do coração são aumentados intencionalmente.
O ecocardiograma sob estresse consiste na avaliação do fluxo sanguíneo e o objetivo é saber se o sangue chega de maneira correta no músculo cardíaco. Quando isso não acontece, pode causar a isquemia.
3 – Ecocardiograma transesofágico
Já no ecocardiograma transesofágico é usada uma sonda que passa pela boca e chega ao esôfago, local no qual a cavidade cardíaca é vista mais facilmente devido à proximidade entre as estruturas. Por estar mais perto do coração, a sonda fornece imagens mais detalhadas.
É recomendado para:
- diagnosticar tumores, endocardite, dissecção de aorta e doença cardioembólica;
- monitorar o funcionamento do coração durante uma cirurgia;
- verificar valvas cardíacas com mau funcionamento (abertura excessiva ou ineficiente) e próteses valvares artificiais.
Essa ecografia é um pouco mais invasiva que as demais e necessita de sedação e analgesia. Por isso, o paciente precisa fazer jejum e levar um acompanhante.
Se no pós-exame o paciente apresentar dificuldade para engolir e falar, dor no peito ou respiração curta e rápida, deve informar o seu cardiologista imediatamente.
Tempo do resultado
As imagens do ecocardiograma ficam disponíveis rapidamente e o laudo completo entre 2 e até 3 dias úteis, em média, conforme o tipo de procedimento realizado.
Quando e por quem é solicitado
A ecocardiografia está no grupo dos exames frequentes solicitados pelos cardiologistas junto ao teste ergométrico, o eletrocardiograma e o holter.
Esse exame oferece informações para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento de diversas doenças que afetam o coração. Seu pedido por vir depois de sintomas como: dores no peito, falta de ar frequente, palpitações, inchaço e aumento da pressão arterial.
As alterações no resultado do exame indicam o tipo de tratamento que pode ser medicamentoso ou cirúrgico, dependendo da gravidade.
Faça em nossa rede consultas presenciais e online em diversas especialidades e agende seus exames, com desconto diferenciado que só os assinantes do Cartão dr.consulta têm. Cuide da sua saúde de forma preventiva e com atendimento especializado:
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