O que é e como acontece a ovulação feminina
Desconhecido de muitas mulheres, o conceito da ovulação está diretamente relacionado com a saúde reprodutiva feminina. Ter mais conhecimento sobre esse processo proporciona o autoconhecimento e auxilia na tomada de decisões que, muitas vezes, fica apenas a cargo das mulheres.
Identificar possíveis anomalias é ainda uma atenção adicional para os cuidados com a saúde.
O que é ovulação?
A ovulação é uma das etapas do ciclo reprodutivo feminino, processo natural que ocorre uma vez por mês. É nessa fase que o ovário libera o óvulo maduro que se desloca para ser fertilizado.
Em cada ciclo menstrual, os níveis hormonais, como o estrogênio e hormônio luteinizante (LH), aumentam – o que desencadeia a liberação do óvulo. Esse evento é parte essencial do ciclo menstrual e da fertilidade, por isso, é considerado o mais fértil de todo o ciclo.
Ciclo menstrual
Com duração entre 28 a 32 dias, o clico menstrual é dividido em três fases:
- fase folicular: começa no primeiro dia da menstruação e dura até a ovulação. É quando os hormônios promovem o crescimento de folículos no ovário.
- fase ovulatória: marca o auge do ciclo, quando o óvulo é liberado do ovário. Isso normalmente ocorre entre o 11º e o 21º dia.
- fase lútea: após a ovulação, o corpo lúteo se forma e começa a liberar progesterona para preparar o útero para uma possível gravidez.
Vale lembrar que nem todas as mulheres têm ciclos regulares, o que significa que a ovulação pode surgir em momentos diferentes a cada mês.
Como calcular o período de ovulação?

Quem deseja engravidar aguarda ansiosamente por esse intervalo, afinal é o período em que ela pode acontecer. A fertilidade máxima ocorre nos 5 dias que antecedem e no dia da ovulação, devido à vida útil do espermatozoide e do óvulo.
Normalmente, esse monitoramento é feito a partir de calendários ou de aplicativos. Sabendo a duração do ciclo médio, é necessário subtrair 14 dias para estimar o dia da provável ovulação.
Outras maneiras do acompanhamento incluem a realização dos testes de ovulação (kits disponíveis em farmácias para detectar o pico do hormônio LH), teste de saliva (quando mais cristalina pode indicar aumento de estrogênio e ovulação) e pela aferição da temperatura basal do corpo (TCB). Esse registro diário pode ajudar a determinar o período correto de quando a ovulação ocorreu, uma vez que é um dos sintomas comuns.
Antes da ovulação, a TCB tende a ser mais baixa e após, com o aumento do progesterona, é elevada em torno de 0,2 °C a 0,5 °C.
Sintomas
A mudança hormonal também pode ser notada e sentida por meio de outros sinais como:
- alterações no muco cervical (secreção natural produzida pelas glândulas do colo do útero): fica mais claro e elástico, semelhante à clara de ovo;
- ondas leves de dor ou desconforto: algumas mulheres sentem dor no lado do abdômen onde o ovário está liberando o óvulo;
- aumento do desejo sexual: a libido e o impulso sexual tendem a ficar mais elevados durante essa fase.
Fatores que podem fazer com a mulher não ovule
Mesmo sendo um processo natural e esperado entre as mulheres que ainda menstruam, alguns fatores podem afetar a liberação do óvulo. Entre eles estão:
- estresse: influencia no nível do cortisol e de outros hormônios e, consequentemente, altera o ciclo menstrual;
- dieta e peso: ficar abaixo ou acima do peso também interfere na regularidade do ciclo;
- exercício físico em excesso: eventualmente a ovulação é alterada por esse motivo;
- condições médicas: como a síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) ou endometriose comprometem esse processo;
- uso de medicamentos: podem impactar a frequência e regularidade da ovulação.
Quando o ginecologista deve ser acionado
Mulheres com ciclos menstruais irregulares ou ausentes, “tentantes” (especialmente aquelas que estão tentando engravidar por mais de um ano sem sucesso) e quem suspeita de condições de saúde ginecológicas devem recorrer ao atendimento médico com mais rapidez.
De maneira geral, o acompanhamento de rotina com o ginecologista ajuda a avaliar os sintomas presentes e identificar suas causas, definir os quadros clínicos e tratamentos, além de prevenir outras condições.
Manter essa agenda de cuidados, é imprescindível, tanto para os casais com planos de ter filhos e aumentar a família, quanto para aqueles que não têm intenção e querem evitar uma gestação indesejada. É esse profissional de saúde que traz orientações sobre o planejamento familiar, métodos anticoncepcionais e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, as ISTs, contribuindo para uma vida sexual mais segura.
No dr.consulta seu atendimento médico é completo. Do Pediatra ao Geriatra. Faça consultas, exames e outros procedimentos com valores diferenciados em uma das nossas unidades. Assine o Cartão dr.consulta e tenha esse e outros benefícios como o da participação gratuita nos Programas de Saúde. Conheça todas as exclusividades.
Fontes:
[…] dentro do útero, que pode provocar essa manifestação, geralmente entre seis e 12 dias após a ovulação, mas não é uma […]
[…] hormônio aumenta gradualmente, estimulando o amadurecimento dos folículos. Esse processo leva à ovulação, em outras palavras é o que permite a gravidez, quando o óvulo é […]
[…] hormonais: usam hormônios femininos para impedir a ovulação. Nesse grupo estão as pílulas orais, as injeções, os adesivos cutâneos, os anéis vaginais, o […]
[…] a ovulação em mulheres que desejam engravidar ou realizam tratamentos de […]
[…] pode ser usado para monitorar a ovulação em quem deseja engravidar ou diante de um tratamento de […]
[…] processo envolve a extração de óvulos maduros dos ovários (durante a ovulação), que são então submetidos a temperaturas extremamente baixas para preservação. Uma técnica […]
[…] reprodutivo, o corpo feminino passa por um processo chamado climatério. Nele, a produção dos hormônios ovarianos, principalmente o estrogênio e a progesterona, cai gradualmente até cessar por […]
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[…] Se caracteriza por três principais alterações que ocorrem como uma reação em cadeia. Começando pelo hiperandrogenismo – elevação dos hormônios androgênicos, como a testosterona. Em excesso, dificultam (ou impedem) a ovulação. […]
[…] o tempo passa, eles vão sendo eliminados por processos naturais (como a ovulação e a degeneração dos folículos que não ovulam) e o corpo não é programado para fazer uma […]
[…] Durante o ciclo menstrual, é comum o surgimento do tipo chamado de funcional, como é o caso do folicular e o de corpo lúteo – ambos diretamente ligados à ovulação. […]
[…] primeiro atua inibindo a liberação dos hormônios FSH e LH pela hipófise, o que impede a ovulação. Já o segundo – que pode ser o único em algumas formulações – contribui para o espessamento […]
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