Quando ocorre a parada cardíaca, sintomas e prevenção
O quadro é caracterizado pela ausência de atividade mecânica do coração, sendo confirmado pela perda súbita de consciência, falta de pulso detectável e de movimentos respiratórios (ou anormais), descreve o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem.
Ou seja, quando ocorre uma parada cardiorrespiratória, não há bombeamento de sangue nem respiração, o que pode causar danos cerebrais irreversíveis e levar ao óbito em poucos minutos sem um atendimento imediato.
Diante da sua gravidade, é essencial entender os principais sinais, origens e, especialmente, as formas de prevenção.
Sintomas mais comuns
Embora a parada cardíaca ocorra de forma repentina, algumas manifestações podem indicar que o coração não está funcionando corretamente:
- desmaios ou tonturas frequentes;
- palpitações ou batimentos cardíacos irregulares;
- falta de ar intensa e súbita;
- dor no peito prolongada ou acentuada;
- confusão mental e dificuldade para falar.

O que fazer em caso de parada cardíaca
Se uma pessoa manifestar sintomas típicos do quadro, é imprescindível que receba um atendimento emergencial. Além disso, orienta-se aplicar a técnica de reanimação cardiopulmonar (RCP) para manter a circulação sanguínea do coração e de outros órgãos vitais.
Para realizá-la, segundo o Ministério da Saúde, é preciso:
- certificar-se de que o ambiente é seguro para prestar socorro;
- chamar a vítima e estimular alguma resposta;
- se a pessoa estiver inconsciente e sem respiração normal, colocá-la de costas sobre uma superfície rígida;
- inclinar sua cabeça e elevar o queixo para desobstruir a passagem de ar;
- posicionar as mãos no centro do tórax e realizar de 100 a 120 compressões por minuto (com 5 a 6 cm de profundidade), permitindo que ele retorne entre cada uma, além de garantir vedação adequada e observar sua elevação;
- a cada 30 delas, sempre fazer duas ventilações boca a boca ou com máscara (e manter essa proporção sem pausas prolongadas);
- se houver outro socorrista, revezar a cada 2 minutos para evitar fadiga até o auxílio médico chegar.
Principais causas da parada cardíaca
A inatividade do coração tem diversas origens, de acordo com a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), incluindo:
- falta de oxigênio nos tecidos, o que compromete o metabolismo celular;
- redução do volume sanguíneo, geralmente provocada por hemorragia;
- alterações nos níveis de potássio, afetando o equilíbrio eletrolítico;
- hipotermia (queda da temperatura corporal abaixo de 35ºC);
- disfunções metabólicas graves;
- acúmulo de líquido no pericárdio, impedindo o bombeio de sangue;
- trombose coronariana (bloqueio de uma das artérias, que pode causar um infarto do miocárdio ou ataque do coração);
- trombose pulmonar (obstrução dos vasos sanguíneos desses órgãos por um coágulo);
- acúmulo de toxinas no organismo;
- traumas que causam colapso dos pulmões e comprometem a circulação.
Como prevenir a parada cardíaca?
O mais importante é reduzir os fatores de risco com algumas medidas essenciais, que incluem:
- adotar uma alimentação saudável;
- praticar atividades físicas regularmente;
- controlar o estresse e a ansiedade;
- evitar o tabagismo e o consumo excessivo de álcool;
- monitorar a pressão arterial e os níveis de colesterol.
Pessoas com outras enfermidades que podem favorecer o quadro, como hipertensão arterial, diabetes e histórico familiar de condições cardíacas, devem realizar consultas médicas periódicas com o cardiologista para acompanhamento e prevenção.
O Cartão dr. consulta possibilita o acesso a descontos em atendimentos com especialistas e exames para manter a saúde em dia.

Uma mudança no estilo de vida priorizando hábitos mais saudáveis contribui não só para a saúde do coração, mas para o bem-estar de todo o organismo.
Fontes:
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