Descubra os possíveis sintomas de pré-diabetes
O chamado pré-diabetes está associado a um estado anterior do diabetes em si, em que os níveis de açúcar ficam além do normal, mas não há ponto de configurar o diagnóstico da condição (sobretudo o tipo 2).
A identificação nessa etapa pode evitar a progressão para o quadro crônico, que está associado a uma série de complicações.
Os eventuais sintomas de pré-diabetes
A elevação da glicemia ocasionalmente gera algumas alterações sugestivas, já que, por causa da concentração do açúcar, o corpo apresenta mudanças em seu funcionamento. As mais distintas delas são:
- aumento da vontade de urinar, com idas frequentes ao banheiro;
- sede excessiva, que não passa;
- fome exagerada;
- perda de peso inexplicada e não intencional;
- sinais de desidratação, que incluem boca seca, sensação de cansaço e tontura.
Adicionalmente, talvez sejam notadas repetições de infecções (na pele e nos rins, entre outras áreas), além de dificuldades em cicatrização de feridas e formigamento nas extremidades das mãos e dos pés.
No entanto, é bem comum que alguém com pré-diabetes sequer desconfie disso. Os sintomas da hiperglicemia (ou seja, glicemia alta) só aparecem quando ela atinge um número excessivamente alto ou persiste por muito tempo.
Essas manifestações, que quase sempre evoluem bastante lentamente, podem significar a presença já do diabetes tipo 2.
Com o Cartão dr.consulta, é mais acessível, vantajoso financeiramente falandobarato e cômodo manter o acompanhamento necessário de diversos aspectos da saúde, incluindo o pré-diabetes diabetes.
Além de descontos em exames e consultas para um monitoramento constante, o programa Viva Bem oferece acompanhamento personalizado com uma equipe multidisciplinar, garantindo cuidado integral à sua saúde:
Os valores de referência para o pré-diabetes
O corpo humano depende de um equilíbrio adequado da distribuição da glicose (ou seja, açúcar), uma fonte de energia obtida com os alimentos e utilizada pelas células.
Seja por deficiência na produção de insulina (que promove a entrada da glicose nas células), seja por conta de uma resistência à ação desse hormônio, pouco a pouco torna-se cada vez mais difícil fazer uso desse “combustível” celular.
Como consequência, sua disponibilidade aumenta, o que é medido através de determinados exames, que avaliam amostras de sangue e determinam a glicemia (ou seja, a porção de glicose na corrente sanguínea).
De acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, o pré-diabetes fica configurado se houver:
- glicemia de jejum entre 100 e 125 mg/dl, sendo que o ideal é abaixo de 100;
- glicemia em teste oral de tolerância à glicose (em uma hora) entre 155-208 mg/dl, com alvo indicado abaixo de 155;
- glicemia em teste oral de tolerância à glicose (em duas horas) entre 140 e 199 mg/dl, com o patamar esperado inferior a 140;
- hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) entre 5,7% e 6,4%, com o apropriado estabelecido em menos de 5,7%.
Diante de um dos achados, as demais avaliações precisam ser solicitadas e repetidas.
Recomendações de rastreamento do pré-diabetes
Diante desse caráter silencioso, a recomendação é que indivíduos em determinadas circunstâncias façam checagens periódicas, inclusive quando não há qualquer queixa a respeito. Também mediante as diretrizes da SBD, é indicado que elas sejam feitas em:
- todos aqueles acima dos 35 anos;
- pessoas abaixo dos 35 anos com histórico familiar de diabetes tipo 2, doença cardiovascular, pressão alta, colesterol desregulado e síndrome do ovário policístico.
Um exame de glicemia em jejum (em que o sangue é coletado depois de um de no mínimo oito horas sem comer) é normalmente suficiente nesse primeiro momento.
Contudo, o suporte de um clínico geral (que providencia o encaminhamento pertinente) ou de um endocrinologista (especialista da área) pode incluir testagens mais específicas conforme cada cenário. Dessa forma, por meio da consulta com o profissional é possível obter uma orientação personalizada.
Como reverter os sintomas de pré-diabetes para prevenir a sua evolução

As perspectivas mostram que até 25% daqueles com pré-diabetes desenvolvem o diabetes tipo 2 em um intervalo de cinco anos. No longo prazo (considerando um recorte de dez anos), esse índice chega a 50%.
Isso reforça a inclusão na rotina de medidas para ajustar a glicemia e contornar os reflexos indesejados. Elas passam principalmente por ações para:
- adequar a alimentação, com refeições em horários regulares e porções adequadas que, acima de tudo, privilegiam alimentos in natura e evitem produtos industrializados ultraprocessados, ricos em sal, açúcar e gordura;
- praticar exercícios físicos regularmente, mesmo que seja uma caminhada de alguns minutos por dia;
- manter o acompanhamento do nível de açúcar, repetindo os exames recomendados;
- controlar o peso, a pressão arterial e o colesterol, já que esses são fatores que contribuem para descompensar o metabolismo da insulina e da glicose;
- usar os medicamentos prescritos, uma vez que são importantes para evitar a evolução da condição.
Em resumo, tão importante quanto ficar atento aos sintomas de pré-diabetes é prosseguir com o monitoramento regular junto a um médico de confiança e adotar hábitos compatíveis com a preocupação em torno da alteração.
Fontes:
[…] monitoramento eventualmente identifica o que os especialistas chamam de pré-diabetes: um degrau intermediário em que não é possível bater o martelo e confirmar o diabetes tipo 2. […]
[…] de um ou mais desses sinais e sintomas, é indispensável procurar um médico para uma avaliação […]
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